I recently came across this funky looking thing. Left behind by a dishwasher repairman, it’s a pressure sensor from a dishwasher made by Marquardt, a German manufacturer of sensors, switches, pumps, lights, and various other components for industrial and automotive applications.
The Apple TV is a media streaming device first introduced in 2007. It’s essentially a miniature Mac, running a special version of iOS optimised for playing music and video on a TV, and operated using a remote control. Although I personally have no need for such a device, I couldn’t resist when I found one for just €2.50 in a second-hand shop. It wasn’t that useful anyway since it was missing its remote control, not to mention the fact it was an old and unsupported third-generation model, sold between 2012 and 2015. But it presented a very good opportunity to tear down some modern Apple hardware and get an up-and-close look at their custom silicon.
I bought this smoke and carbon monoxide detector several years ago, and it’s been doing its job just fine ever since: mostly being silent, screaming when I burn my toast, and beeping every two years or so when its batteries run out. Recently however it began beeping for no reason, and I couldn’t get it to stop other than by removing the batteries. So I bought a new one and decided to tear down the old one.
LED light bulbs are the most commonly sold type nowadays, especially since incandescent bulbs have been gradually banned from sale starting around 2009. Other low-power types like halogen and compact fluorescent bulbs were also commonly sold until a few years ago, but advances in LED technology, along with a precipitous drop in price, have made LED bulbs the most common type by far.
This 5.5 W, 470 lumen bulb had been lighting my home for a couple of years until it burned out a month ago. It was one of the cheapest types sold under the Philips brand; I don’t recall exactly how much I paid for it, but it must have been around eight euros or so. Philips, founded in 1891, is one of the oldest manufacturers of light bulbs, although all lighting products were spun off into a separate company called Signify in 2016.
If we cut off the translucent plastic dome, we find a small PCB carrying the LED chips. It’s screwed onto a thick aluminium body that acts as a heat sink. There are five LEDs mounted on the board, but as we can see there’s place for three more. Clearly, the same basic design is also used for a higher wattage version that contains eight LEDs.
All LEDs are connected in series; the three unused ones are bypassed by two zero-ohm resistors (JP1 and JP2). In the middle is a two-pin connector that supplies power from a regulator PCB in the base of the bulb.
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